Mirang ca ahhin ‘have’ le ‘has’ timi hi hman lengmang mi a si i, zeihi dah zeizawn ah ka hman lai ti hngalhnak ding caah, hi cahmai cu tial mi a si.
Thil kan ngeih mi, kan tuah mi le kan ton mi kong chim
tikah, hman chih lengmang mi an si, an pahnih in hman chih lengmang an si tawn.
A luancia caan chung i thil kongkau chimrel ahcun ‘had’ hi hman piak veve an
si.
have
Have is used with some pronouns and plural nouns:
Have hi mincan pawl le auhmin pawl he deuh hman a si tawn:
'I have a great Maths teacher.'
Kanan sayama tha tak ka ngei. I.e. Ka kanan sayama nu cu a
mak tak.
'You have toothpaste on your chin.'
Na kha ah hasii na ngeih. I.e. Na kha ah hasii aa neh.
'We have a meeting at 12.'
12 ah tonnak kan ngei.
'Nurses have a difficult job.'
Siisayama pawl nih rian har an ngeih. I.e. Siisayama te rian
cu a har ngaingai.
has
Has is used with the third person singular. For example:
Has hi minung pakhat ca le hmaika ah um lomi minung/thil ca
deuh ahhin hman a si ve tawn. Tahchunhnak:
'She has a great personality.'
Khi nu nih khin ziaza ttha tuk a ngeih. I.e. Khi nu khi a
nun zia ttha tuk.
'He has a new haircut.'
Khi pa nih khin sammeh thar a ngei. I.e. Khi pa khi a sem aa
meh.
'The washing machine has a leak in it'.
Khi thilsuknak seh nih a pem zuhnak a ngeih. I.e. Thilsuknak
seh khi a pem.
'It has a hole near the door.'
Innka pawngah awng a um.
Theih chih ding:
Mirang nih hin hmaika minung le mah kong chim tik, or
dirhmun in chim tik ahhin first person in chim le holhrelnak an ti. Cu ahcun,
I, me (pakhat caah), we, us, our (pahnih in cunglei ca) hi an hman tawn.
Pawngkam minung kongkau, or dirhmun in chim tikah, ‘you’ hi
an hman i, second person ti zongah an ti tawn.
Pawngkam le hmaika a um lomi minung kongkau chim tik or, cu
dirhmun in chim tikah ahhin third person an ti tawn. Cu ah aa telmi cu, he,
she, they…te pawl khi an si hna.
Cun, he, she, they, amah nu, amah pa, anmah, anih pa, anih
nu, annih tibantuk hi he, she, they ca ahhin Laimi nih cun kan hman ngaingai. Amah
timi kan hman tik ahhhin, thil kan ngeih mi le kan tuah mi kong deuh ahhin kan
hman tawn. Anih timi kan hman tik ahhin, thil kan ton mi le kan ruah mi ca
ahhin kan hman tawn.
Mirang bantuk in nulepa sinak hi (gender) biatlang kip ah
kan langh ter a hau lo. Suu Kyi kong kan chim ahcun, vuikhat in a min kan chim
hnu ahcun, anih cu or amah cu tiin kan chim khawh cang. Aruang cu Lai holh cu heavily
context-based holh phun khat a si.
Contractions
A tawihnak
I have = I've
you have = you've
we have = we've
they have = They've
he has = he's
it has = it's
negative contractions
Si lo/tuah lo/ ngeih lo tawihnak
has not = hasn't
have not = haven't
had not = hadn't
'have' and 'has' in questions
‘have’ le ‘has’ hi zeitindah biahalnak ah kan hman lai?
'Have you been to Australia?'
Australia ah na kal bal cang maw? Proper noun: Australia.
'Has Andrew left yet?'
Andrew cu a kal cang maw? Singular noun: Andrew.
'Who has my pen?'
Hodah ka cafung la?
'Has anyone seen my mobile phone?'
Hotal nih ka phone nan hmu maw?
'have got' and 'have'
Both 'have got' and 'have' mean the same thing. There is no
difference.
Have got le have hi an i khat ko. I dannak an ngei lem lo.
'I have got an i-phone.' = 'I have an i-phone'.
'You have got a message.' = You have a message.'
'She has got no time to sleep.' ='She has no time to sleep.'
'have' and 'has' verb tenses
'have/has'' is an important verb in making the 'perfect
tense':
Have/has hi thil sining a umtuning le langhternak caah an
biapi ngaingai.
Present Perfect
Hlanken in tutiang a um mi thil caah
'She has lived here for a long time.'
Anih hi hika sautuk a um cang.
'We have seen this TV show before.'
Hi TV zatlan hi cu kan zoh bal cang.
'I have cut my finger.'
Ka kutdong kaa ah sual.
Past Perfect
Luancia caan ah thil a rak umtuning caah
'I had already decided not to go before he asked me.'
A ka sawm hlan in kal lo ding ah ka arak tim cang.
'They had finished the race before it started raining.'
Ruah sur aa thok hlan ah tlikzuamnak cu an dih cang.
'She had already left when he arrived'
A rak phanh ahcun a rak um ti lo.
modal verbs: 'have to'
'Have to' is used to mean that something is necessary. It is
used in the following way in affirmative sentences:
‘have to’ timi hi thil pakhat tuah a herh mi ca ahhin hman a
si tawn. A tanglei lei langhter bantuk hin thil pakhat khat fehternak ding ca
ahhin hman a si tawn.
subject + modal (have to / has to) + verb
'I have to wash my car today.'
Nihin cu ka motor ka ttawl a hau.
'He has to write a report.'
Repawt tial ding a ngeih.
'I had to go to the bank yesterday.'
Zahan bank ah ka va kal hau le ka kal.
'have to' in negative sentences
Ngeih lo, tuah lomi caah ‘have to’ hmannak
In negatives to show that something is not necessary
we follow this rule:
subject + doesn't have to + verb
'We don't have to work tomorrow.'
Thaizing cu rian kan tuan hau lo.
'She doesn't have to wear a uniform to school'
Sianginn unifom cu aa hruk a hau lo.
'I didn't have to make my bed when I was young'
Ka rak ngakchiat deuh lio ahcun keimah tein ihnak tuah a rak
hau bal lo.
