Legal Glossary | Phungphai Biafang Pical

 Mah hi, legal he pehtlai in holhlet le calettu caah a ṭha hnem ngai mi a si. Ahlei in Lailei in nu le pa pawl he tonnak ngeih tikah, cucu, hihi, cu bantuk le hi bantuk hi an si ti, Laiholh tein chimh rel ve hna nak caah a ṭha ngaingai. Amah belte cu, mah hi Glossary hi pumpak in ka leh mi an si. 

Literature phu pakhat khat nih zohfelnak tuah hnu ah, ṭial mi le thai mi a si lo. Keimah pumpak rianṭuannak ah a ka bawm khotu a si lai, timi saduhthahnak he ka leh mi a si. 

Cu ve rualrual cun, hi caleh mi pawl na zoh tik ahhin, biafang na thlennawn duh mi tete an um ko. Cucaah, hi biafang cu hiti deuh in kan leh awk a si, timi ruahnak tete na ngeih ahcun ka chim ve. Biaruahnak kan ngei ṭi lai i, a ṭha cem kan timi cungah, hnatlaknak kan ngeih ṭi hnu ah, remh ṭhannak zong kan tuah lai.

LEGAL GLOSSARY
From: Robinson, L. (1994) Handbook for legal interpreters. Sydney: The Law Book Company Ltd.
English	Hakha-Chin
Abuse of process	Thil ningcang loin tuah
Access (current usage: contact)	Pehtlainak
Accessory	Bawmtu; thil hmetuai
Accomplice	Thil ttha lo tuah bawmtu
Accused	Sual puh
Acknowledgment	Theihpinak
Acquittal	A sual lo tiah bia ceih piak mi
Dismissal	Ngol piaknak, baanternak
Act of God	Mi nih fawite zau in hmuhton khawh lomi tuahsernak; Kotho rawhralnak tibantuk
Action	Tuahsernak
Adduce evidence	Tehte chuahpi
Administrator	Zohkhenhtu
Adjournment	Thawnpiaknak, tthial piaknak
Admissible	Luhter khawh mi
Adversarial system	AS cu dantattu le dantat ding mi hna kar ah biaceih zung nih bia a ceih mi khi
Affiliation proceedings	Va lo nau pawi nu nih, hi pa hi ka fa I a pa a si timi cu biaceih zung thieh pi awk in a va chim nak, tangka thazaang I bawmhnak ding caah tbk
Affidavit	Biakam
Advocate	Ttanh, bawmh
Affirmation	A si tinak
Aggravated assault	Timh ciammam tein takpum fahnak pek I zuam; mi tukvelh,
Alibi	Alibi cu sualceih piakmi a um lo kar ah thil poipang a rak um mi; mi pakhatkhat nih an tuahto khawh mi
Allegation	Sualpuhnak
Amenities of life	Nun duhdim bawmtu (motor, inn, hlawhtlinak tbk
Annul	Tlamtling lo, um lo
Appeal	Nawlnak tuah
Appellant/respondent	Nawlnak tuahtu
Arbitration/mediation	Kaphnih hnatlaknak in lungtlinnak tuah
Arm’s length	Takpum tawnghthamh le naihniam thutdirnak hrial
Arraignment	Sualphawtmi minung sualphawtnak carel hnu ah, nawlnak tuah ding in on piak
Arson	Mei duah
Assault	Tukvelh
Asset	Ngeihchia chawva, sui le ngun
Assignment	Rian
Attest	Asi ti langhter
Power of Attorney	Mi aiawh in biachimnak le biachihnak nawl a ngeitu
Autopsy/post mortem	Zei nih dah a thihter ti hngalhnak caah mithi pum hlainak
Bail	Aamah khan in chuahter
Bailiff	Uktu bawi, bawmtu bawi
Bailment/bailee/bailer	Aamahkhan in chuahnak/chuakmi/chuahtu
Balance of probabilities	Biaceih zung nih tehte cuai a thlai hnu ah hihi a si deuh tiin biakhiahnak an tuah mi
Bankruptcy	Tangka thazaang dongh
Barrister	Sihni
Battery	Hnatlakpinak tel loin tuahchih hramhram mi sualnak
Beneficiary	A miaktu
Beyond reasonable doubt	Sual puh mi a sual ko ti langhternak ca I tehte chuahpi a hau mi
Bigamy	Nu cung nu duh, va cung pa duh
Bill / bill of exchange	Law ah ser rih lomi ser ding ah chuah ding
Blasphemy	Pathian ralchanh in biachim; thangchiatnak
Bodily harm	Beibaham loin mi fahnak va pek
Bona fide	dinfelnak le zumhtlaknak
Boycott	I bu in duh lonak langhter I I tel duh ti lo
Breach	I tthennak; phuan
Break and entering	Inn baoh
Brief	Case kong he pehtlaih in tawite in ttialmi ca
Broker	Kaphnih kar ah pehtlaihnak a tuahtu
Burden of proof	Asi timi ruang I a sinak langhter hauhnak
Burglary (armed robbery...)	Mifir
Capital offence	Sualnak pical, thih dan hmanh pek awk tlak mi sualnak
Capital punishment	Cozah nih suaisam ning in dantatnak peknak
Caution	Ralrin peknak
Charge	Sual tiah ti
Chambers	Biaceih zung khan
Citizen’s arrest	Rammi nih mi tlaihnak
Collective bargaining	Rian ngeitu le riantuantu hna kar ah remhchunhnak khuakhan tinak
Commission	Zapi ca rian thiah mi bu; riankainak
Committal hearing	Biaceih zung I biahalnak tuah hlan I chimrelnak ngaihpiaknak
Common law	Biaceihtu pawl nih an chuahpi mi phungphai
Law abiding citizen	Ramchung phungphai a zul mi rammi
Commute	Dantat ding dinhdaih piak deuh
Remission	Ngaihthiamnak
Cause of action	Tuahsernak a ruang
Circumstational evidence	Ruah satmat in hlathlai hnu ah a si timi tehte
Citation	Mintthatnak pek
Competent witness	Phungphai ning in tehte khangtu ah aa tlak mi
Contempt of court	Biaceih zung nawl tlamtling in tlinh lo
Constitution	Phunghrampi
Confession	Sual phuannak
Contest	Zuam cuah
Contributory negligence	Ralrin lo ruang I ton sual mi I sukkhawnnak
Copyright	Ngeitu sinak
Coroner’s court	Mithi biaceih zung
Costs	Man
Credit	A hman ti I zumh
Cross-claim	Tazacuai mi minung nih tazacuai ve
Cross-examination	Tazacuai mi nih dantattu tehte he ralchanh in hlathlainak tuah
Custody	Thong inn
Damages	Rawh. Hrawk
Debtor	Leibatu
Decree absolute/nisi	Biaceih zung theihpinak in tthitumnak donghter
De facto/de jure	a tak/ruahnak
Deed	Tuahsernak
Defamation (libel, slander)	Min chiatter
Judgment by default	Tazacuai mi minung nih a konglam a chim hlan in biachiah piaknak
Defendant (plaintiff)	Tazacuai mi minung
Defence	I vennak
Deponent	Biakamnak a sertu
Deportation	Ram dang I tthawlnak
Extradition	Mah cozah sinah kuat tthan
Deposition	Biachiahnak,
Direct	Hmuhsak
Discharge	Chuahter
Disclaimer	Nawl altu
Domestic violence	Inncungkhurkhar buaibainak
Dock	Tazacuai mi minung um thutdirnak
Double Jeopardy	A sual tiah vuikhat biaceih piak mi cang mi ruangah sual phawt nolh khawh ti lomi
Draft	A hran ser
Duress	Hneknak
Duty	Rian
Duty of care	Pawngkam hawi ngamdamnak ca tuanvo
Duty solicitor	Bawmtu sihni
Embezzlement	Tangka firnak
Encumbrance	Inn lak piak
Endorsement	Hnatlakpi
Enjoyment	Nuamhnak
Espionage	I ngiatnak
Estate	Innlo
Eviction notice	Inn in chuahternak ca thanh
Evidence	Tehte
Examination-in-chief	Tehte khangtu biahalnak
Excess	A hleihluat
Execution	Fial mi tuah, thahnak, tlinternak
Execute	Tuah, upadi ning in thanh
Executor	Thattu, tuahtu, tlinhtu
Exemption clause	Bu pakhatkhat an covo in a donhkanhtu cathluan
Ex-nuptial	Phung ning timhtumh in hrin lomi fa
Expert witness	Thiamhlei tehte khangtu
Extradition	Mah cozah sinah kuat tthan
False imprisonment	Ningcang loin thongthlak
Factor	Thil a cantertu
False pretences	Ti lo si lo mi cung I, I titer, I siter
Felony	A fakmi sualnak
Finding	Hmuhnak
Fine	Liamter
Forensic	biachim thiammi biaceihnak zung le zapi bia alnak kong he aa pehtlaimi
Forensic evidence	Kutpi, thi le cikor tbk in tehte langh mi
Forfeiture	Sunghnak
Forgery	Mi min mah nih thut
Fraud	Hlennak, lih
Freehold	Innlo ngeitu sinak
General damages	Liamhnak
Genetic fingerprinting	Cikor kutpinamh
Grievous bodily harm	Mi velh
Grounds	Zumhnak, tuahsernak hrampi
Guarantee	Biakamnak, aamahkhan
Guardianship	Zohkhenhtu sinak
Hearing	Ngaihnak
Hearsay	A thieh in thieh mi
Heir	Rocotu
Homicide	Mi thah
Hostile witness	Ral sinain tehte ngeitu
Implied term/condition	Ca chung theng I chiah lomi kaphnih hnatlaknak
Incest	innchungkhar aa naihii he sual, palefa, nulefa, ulenau
Incitement	Lunglawmhter
Incorporation	Riantu bu
Incriminate	Sual puh
Indemnify	Cham
Indictable offence	Sual phawt khawh mi tuahsernak
Indictment	Tazacuai awk tlak sualnak
Industrial action	Rian petu, rian tuantu hna kar ah rian kong I an buainak he remchunhnak sersiamnak
Infanticide	Nauno thah duhnak
Injunction	Nawlbia
Inquest	Biaceih hmai ah phung ning in biahalnak tuah mi
Inquisitorial system	Biaceih hmai ah phung ning in biahalnak tuahnak umkalning
Insolvency	Leibacham khaw lo
Inspection	Hlathlai, dothlat,
Instruct	Hmuhsak, cawnpiak
Intellectual property	Hmuhtawngh lo ngeihnak nawl. Tc. Ringawn, awaan lei
Interim order	Tazacuai he pehtlai in biaceih zung nih nawl a chuah mi
Intestate	Rovui ta manh loin I thih
Joint tortfeasors	pakhat siole pahnih daithhlan ruang I a chuakmi poipang nih thil le minung dang cungah rawhnak a va ser mi
Judgment	Biachahnak
Jurisdiction	Nawlngeihnak chung
Justice	Dinnak, biaceihtu bawi
Larceny	Thilfir
Leave	Kal
Legitimacy	Phungphai ning in sinak
Legitimate	Phungphai ning in
Levy	Ngunkhuai
Liability	Tuanvo, phungphai nih a herh mi tuanvo
Libel	Catial in thanghchiatnak
Limitation of liability	Liamh ding liamh hauh le hauh lo a tawlreltu
Limitation period	Phungning tuahsernak tuah khawh ding ah a ri ser piak mi caan chung
Liquid assets	Kutcang tangka
Liquidate	Hrawhhloh
Liquidated damages	Ahlankan in rak khiah cia mi tangka zat ning in liam a hau mi
Liquidation	Hrawhhlohnak
Litigation	Tazacuainak
Loophole	Taanhtaak, chiahtaak,
Magistrate	Biaceihtubawi
Maintenance	Zohkhenhnak
Malfeasance	Palhnak
Malice aforethought	Mi fahnak pek duhnak, mi thah duhnak
Malicious injury/damage	Mi cung thiltha tuah in fahnak va pek hna duhnak
Mandatory	Hau hrimhrim mi
Manslaughter	Mi thah, a tam lei deuh
Mediation	Remnakser
Menaces	Thiltha lo tlunter
Minor	Kum tling lo, a hme mi
Miscarriage of justice	Biaceih zung tlamtlinlonak ruang I dinnak hmu kho loin a um thai mi minung; sual na loin sualphawt mi minung
Misdemeanour	Umtuziaza tha lo
Misfeasance	Nawlbuarnak
Misrepresentation	Chimpalh, ruahpalhnak
Mitigation	Nemternak
Monogamy	Nupi/va pakhat lawng ngiehnak
Motion	Cawlcanghnak
Murder	Mi thah
Negligence	Daithlanh
Next of kin	Chungkhar naihniam
Nominal	Min lawng a si mi
Notary public	Ram chung cozah nih biaceihzung he pehtlai in riankinh mi
Nuisance	Hnahnok luri
Nugatory	Man ngei lo
Oath	Biakamnak; chiatsernak
Obscenity	Thurhhnawmhnak
Offensive language	Biattha lo biachiakha
Offer of settlement	Kaphnih kar hnatlaknak um hlan I duhthimnak pek, tangka a si khun.
Burden of proof	Fehter a hau mi chimtiamnak
Order	Nawlchuah
Out of time	Caan dih
Pardon	Ngaithiam
Parole	Aamahkhan in um
Parole evidence	Aamahkhan in umnak tehte
Particulars	Minung pakhatkhat theng ta
Patent	Thiamhleinak ngeitu
Penal servitude	Rian hrang pek in thongthlak
Pending action	Ceih rih lomi tuahsernak
Perjury	Lihchimnak
Petty crime	Sualnak hme deuh, dawr thil fir tibantuk
Petty sessions	Biaceihnu ngan deuh tel loin biaceihnak tuah mi
Plaintiff	Tazacuaitu
Plea	Nawl
Plea in mitigation	Sual palh/palh lo nak ca I rel I ca
Plea bargaining	Tlawmte tal ngaihtiam ding in nawlnak tuah
Pleadings	Fak piin nawl nak
Policy	Zulh phung
Polygamy	Nupi pakhatnak tam ngeihnak
Possession	Ngeihchiah
Precedent (legal)	Thlungpi
Prejudice	Fehter lomi ruahchungnak
premium	Insurance lei he pehtlai in pek mi,
Presumption	Hlehkanhnak
Pre-trial conference	Biaceih hlan tonnak
Prima facie	Vuikhat hmuhtonnak in; a dik ti I cohlan a palh ti ti hlan lo
Probate	Phungphai ning in fehter
Process	Ningcang
Proof	Tehte
Standard of proof	Chuahpi ding hrimhrim a hau mi tehte
Prosecutor	Sualpuhtu, tazacuaitu
Provision	Pek mi thil, bawmh
Provocation	Thinphawhnak
Ratification	Fehternak
Rebuttal	Al tthan ve nak
Receivership	Hmutu sinak
Recognisance	Aamahkhannak tuah mi
Record of interview	I tonnak awkhawmh, cakhumh
Redemption	I tlanhnak
Registry	Cazi
Rehearing	Ngaih tthan
Release	Thlah
Remedy	Damternak
Remoteness	Liamh ding liamh hauh le hauh lo a tawlreltu
Residue	A taang mi
Respondent	Tazacuai mi
Restraining order	Pumpak, business humhaknak ca I nawl chuah
Restrictive covenant	Vawlei lei he pehtlai in ser mi phungphai
Revocation	Hrawhtthannak
Robbery	Fir
Ruling	Uktu a simi
Sacrilege	Biaknak lei thil hrawhnak le hnawmhtamh
Satisfaction	Lungsinak
Security	Himnak
Sedition	Cozah dohnak a chuahternak
Sentence	Biaceihbawi biakhiahnak
Separation	Dannak
Sequestration order	Tangka tiang ngei loin an umter tu biaceihzung biakhiahnak
Service	Biaceihzung ca pawl zungkai nih a hmuh awk in pek mi
Set aside	Biaceihzung pakhat nih a chah mi biaceih zung pakhat nih a donghter mi
Set down for hearing	Biachim ngaih awkah thut
Settlement	Remchunhank, umnak hmun
Slander	Hman lomi puh
Solicitor	Haltu, sihni
Special damage	Hnursawn awk a tha mi hnatlaknak pawl liamh a hau mi
Standard of care	Ningcang tien zohkhenh
Statement	Chim mi bia
Statement of claim	Asi tinak ca I biachim
Statute barred	Liamh hau ti lomi leiba
Statute of limitations	Phungning riantuannak hi ri cu ri tiang ti a khiak tu
Statutory authority	Upadi he pehtlaih in nawlngeitu
Statutory declaration	Upadi he pehtlaih in aamahkhannak chim/thanh
Statutory duty	Upadi he pehtlaih in tuanvo ngeitu
Stay of proceedings	Zapi tazacuai khawhnak biaceihzung I ceih ding dinh chung nak
Strict liability	Tazacuaimi minung pumpak nih a tuah na loin, a uico mi a seh ruang tbk, a kang kho mi thil aa chiah ruang tbk ah tuanvo a hung um mi
Submission	A hme deuhmi si langhternak nawlngaihnak
Subpoena	Biaceihnak zung nih zungkai ding in auhnak catialmi
Suit	Tazacuai
Summary judgment	Tazacuaitu nih hlawhtling tein tazacuai khawhnak A ngeih khawh lai lo ding a fiang ruangah, Tazacuaitu ralchanh in, tazacuainak zong um loin, biaceih zung biakhiahnak
Summary jurisdiction	Tazacuainak um hau loin biaceih zung nih biakhiahnak nawl a ngeihnak
Summary offence	Biaceihtu pakhat lawng nih a ceih khawh mi sualnak hme deuh pawl
Summary proceedings	Biaceihzung nih biaceih bawi pawl he ningcang tein biaceih hlan ah ceihnak tuah mi, sualpalhnak hme deuh mi pawl ca
Summing up	Fonhtonh
Summons	Auh
Survival action	Mithi a thih hlan deuh I a tuar in mi fahnak le harnak ruang I tazacuainak
Suspended sentence	Pek loin chiah mi dantatnak
Tax evasion	Ngunkhuai ningcang loin pek
Term	Caan, thil umtu ning
Testament	Biakam
Testimony	A si hrimhrim ti langhternak caah chim mi
Tort	Tuahsernak tha lo
Tortfeasor	Tuahsernak tha lo tuahtu
Tortuous	Dingfel lo
Tracing	Ttial chin, zulh dawi
Trademark	Sertu Cabenh
Transcript	Ttial chin mi ca
Treason	Ram cozah rawitu
Trespass	Nawlbuar; mah ta si lomi thil a ngeitu nawl loin na tongh le na pal
Trust	Zumh
Beneficiary	Miaktu
Trustee	Zohkhenhtu
Undertaking	Tuan awk rian I lak
Uncertainty	I fian lo, si setlo,
Undue influence	Hramhram in ti ter, tuahter
Unconscionable contract	Kapkhat lawng a tanh mi
Valid	A nung mi; a hman mi;
Verdict	Biachahnak
Vicarious liability	Mi pakhatkhat ruangah tuanvo na ngei ti khawhnak, rian kongkau a tam
Void	Zeihmah si lo
Voluntary assumption at risk	Daithlanh ruang I a chuak mi poipang cung I I vennak
Voluntary confession	Fial loin sualphuannak
Waiver	Ngoltu
Warrant	Tuah khawhnak nawl
Warranty	Tuah kahwhnak nawl pek
Weight of evidence	Tehte khing
Wilful	Lungthawng
winding up	Khar piak, dongh piak, a hlei in Company riantuannak le I pehtlaihnak lei ah
Without prejudice	Ruahsetsai lonak ruahchungnak tel loin
Witness	Tehte hmutu/khangtu
writ	Ca ttialmi