Language
Techniques: Ca Hmanthiamnak
Hi ca hmanthiamnak timi hi a tam u cu essay tbk, short story tbk ttial tik ahhin hman cem an si tawn. Na theih bal rih hna lo a si ahcun na caah thil thar ngaingai an si lai. Sihmanhsehlaw, na vun hngalh deuhdeuh hna hnu ahcun naa ning ngai te ko lai.
Characterisation:
Representation of a character or characters on the stage or in writing,
especially
Ziafianh/sifianh:
catial tik silole cungkai i a cuangmi minung hmuhsaknak, ahlei khun in an nawl
cawn silole an kong chim, t.c an tuahsernak, an ruahning le an lungput kha an takpum,
kut le ke he i bawm in an langhternak, silole an biachim in.
Example:
Mary was lazy. | John is fat.
Bianabia:
Mary cu a tha thu. | John cu mithau a
si.
*** *** ***
Context:
The circumstances of time and place in which
a) an event takes place.
b) a text takes place.
c) a composer lives.
a) an event takes place.
b) a text takes place.
c) a composer lives.
Kongkau (a pawngkam i a rak ummi thil hna):
Caan le hmunhma thil sining pehtlaih in
a) thil
biapi a hung ummi
b) biatlangpi/ca
he pehtlaih in a hung ummi
c) phantu/phuahtu/tuahsertu
nun
Example:
In the past month, we have had almost every type of precipitation, including
rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
Bianabia:
Luancia thla chung cu, ruahti phun kip kan hmu ko, ruahti siseh, dap-ruah siseh,
vur-ruah siseh, cun rialti ruah zong.
Example: Your inputs are not relevant to the context that we're discussing...
Bianabia: Na chimrel mi pawl hi kan i ceihhmai mi kongkau pawl he aa pehtlai lo...
*** *** ***
Responder:
Those who will view and respond to a text.
Lettu:
Biatlangpi/Cahram zoh in lehnak a tuahtu.
Example:
Joe’s cried with tearful eyes in response to a
sad ending movie.
Bianabia:
Joe cu a zohmi ngaichia muicawl donghnak nih a
mitthli a tlak ter.
*** *** ***
Motif:
Recurring image or idea that carries symbolic meaning in a text.
Pithlur/Biapi
Thil: Ca/thil pakhat khat nih a ngeih mi sullam thuk
hmelchunhnak, atu le atu in a hun um tthannak le langh tthannak
*** *** ***
Imagery:
Parts of speech used to create an image in the mind of the responder.
Ruahmanh:
Biathen phunkhat, lettu ruahnak ah hmanthlak
hmuhsaktu.
Example:
Lisa entered the room. All eyes are upon her elegant beauty that shines like a
diamond. She looks beautiful.
Bianabia:
Lisa cu inn chung a hung lut. Diamond bang a
ceumi aa dawhnak cu mit kip nih an hun zoh. Aa dawh bak.
*** *** ***
Cliché:
A phrase so overused it has lost all meaning.
Biavuan:
Bia bor hman tuk cang i a fil cang mi.
Example:
Happily ever after | All ears … (Tuanbia he
pehper in)
Bianabia:
Ahnu ah nuam tein | Hna kip (Hna kip nih an ngeih an duh mi aw
a si)
*** *** ***
Metaphor:
Something that is figuratively, rather than literally, true.
Tahchunhnak:
Cabia lei he nak in sawi le sam le mui le sam he pehtlaih in hman ah a hmaan
deuh mi.
Examples:
He was a pig. He is a stone.
Bianabia:
Vok bak a si (Pawkaumi kong kan chim tikah). Lungtum bak a si (A tthawngmi kong
kan chim tikah.
*** *** ***
Symbolism:
The use of concrete symbols or images (things that can be seen) which represent
a deeper or abstract idea (that cannot be seen or touched e.g envy).
Hmelchunhnak:
Hmuh le tongh khawh mi hmelchunhnak hmang in hmuh lo tongh khawh lo ruahnak le
hmuhning tiang a hmuhsaktu, silole a hmelchunhtu.
Example:
A heart (literally) is shape like this ♥: but it also represents love and/or passion.
Bianabia:
Thinlung cu hi bantuk in muisam a keng ♥: nain dawtnak le duhfehnak zong a langhter ve thotho.
*** *** ***
Biblical
allusion: To refer to an event, personality or passage
from the Bible.
Bible
Cherhchannak: Bible ca zoh in caan, sining, le cabia i
cherhchan.
Example:
You are a Solomon when it comes to decision making.
Bianabia:
Biakhiah caan a hun phanh ahhin cun Solomon bak na si ko.
*** *** ***
Imperative
command: Implies that the responder is obligated to
follow the direction.
Nawlpek/
Nawlchuah: Lettu nih an zulh dingmi fianternak.
Example:
“Don’t do it!”
Bianabia:
“Tuah hlah!”
*** *** ***
Pun:
A play on words used to make a point or inject humour into a text.
Biacompawlok;
capo biatak: Cabia/holh he pehtlaih in capo biatak in
lehnak i hmanmi biafang.
Example:
Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.
Bianabia:
Thiamfei fung bang caan a zuang. Banhla bang in thei a zuang.
*** *** ***
Hyperbole:
To exaggerate a feature or detail for emphasis
or dramatic purposes.
Biaporh:
A hlei hluat tukin sawisam le dikthlir chim,
fianternak caah.
Example:
I’ve told you a thousand times already.
Bianabia:
Vui thongkhat cu kan chim cang lai.
*** *** ***
Irony:
When there is a difference between what is expected and what actually happens.
Biaeng:
I ruahning le a cang taktak mi thil an i dang ttheo tawn.
Example:
A fireman afraid of fire.
Bianabia:
Meithattu pa nih mei a ttih.
*** *** ***
Simile:
Comparing two subjects by saying subject A is like subject B.
Tahchunhnak:
Thil pahnih ‘bantukin’ le ‘he’ hmang in tahchunnak.
Example:
She’s as beautiful as an angel.
Bianabia:
Vanmi ngaknu bantukin aa dawh.
*** *** ***
Tone:
The implied attitude of the composer toward the subject and characters of a
text.
Ziaza-dirhmun:
Phantu, ttialtu, silole phuahtu nih a thil tuahmi cung i a lungput le ziaza.
Example:
I’d rather stay here and wait, than go into
that dark room.
Bianabia:
Kha inn mui chung i va kalnak cun, hika ahhin
ka um lai i ka hngak deuh lai.
*** *** ***
Juxtaposition:
To place two opposing images or ideas side by side for the purposes of
comparison.
Phir-tahchunh:
Hmantlak pahnih silole ruahnak kha thleidan dingah aa tlang in chiah.
Example:
A boy and a girl.
Bianabia:
Pa ngakchia le nu ngakchia.
*** *** ***
Alliteration:
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of two or more words in
close vicinity to each other.
Catung-phir:
Biafang fang khat silole cu nak zong tam kho; biafang hram thok i aa nolh mi
cafang tung aw thluai
Example: She
was swallowed by a shark.
Bianabia: Ngamaan nih a dolh.
*** *** ***
Allusion:
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event
Cherhchan:
Mi pakhat khat nih a tuahcia mi kep chih
Example:
What on earth are you referring to?
Bianabia:
Na zei duhnak he a si?
*** *** ***
Foreshadowing: the use of hints and clues to
suggest what will happen later in a plot
Thlamthlak: Hmelchunhnak le hliah hmang in hmailei ah zeidah a cang lai ti hei langhter
Example: Suddenly, the speedy wind blasted the
window and banged the front door.
Bianabia: Ruahlo piin, thlipi nih cun
thlalangawng le innhmai innka cu a hun bengh hna.
*** *** ***
Personification:
To give human attributes to an inanimate or non-living object.
Minung
bang nunter: A thi cang mi, silole tongh khawh lomi thil
kha minung bantuk sinak ngeihter
Example:
The sun gently touch my face.
Bianabia:
Ni nih nem tein ka hmai a vun ka tongh.
*** *** ***
Inclusive
language: Words that include, or speak directly to,
the responder. This includes words like we, us and our.
Tlumtla
Biafang: Lettu telh in, silole lettu sinah biachimtu
biafang. Hi chung ahhin kan/kanmah, kan zapi, le kanmah ta hi telh an si tawn.
Example:
We are one in God.
Bianabia:
Pathian chungah pakhat kan si.
*** *** ***
Emotive
language: Words used to evoke a particular emotion
from the responder.
Lungnaang
Biafang: Lungtuarnak he pehtlaih in hmanmi bia
Example:
Her sorrow overwhelmed her hope.
Bianabia:
A ruahchannak cu a ngaihchiatnak nih a huh.
